For the following two links, identify the following: 1) What was the data colle

For the following two links, identify the following:
1) What was the data colle

For the following two links, identify the following:
1) What was the data collection technique used?
2) What type of research was used?
3) Identify the research variables. If appropriate, identify the variables as the independent variable, dependent variable, or quasi independent variable.
4) How are each of the above mentioned variables operationally defined?
Article 1: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843960/
Article 2: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244017716217